Our work is on fundamental and applied questions related to neuromodulation - in particular, devices that use electrical activation of the nervous system to restore function to individuals with neurological impairment. Presently we have active projects in: • deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat movement disorders: mechanisms of action; closed-loop control; design of innovative therapies • peripheral nerve recording and stimulation for control of bladder function, including restoration of continence and emptying • spinal cord stimulation to treat chronic pain: modeling, preclinical studies, and clinical studies to understand mechanisms and innovations to increase therapeutic efficacy • autonomic nerve stimulation and block: vagus nerve stimulation; computational modeling for analysis and design We conduct computer-based modeling of neurons and electric fields, in vivo stimulation and recording in pre-clinical models, and clinical feasibility studies in humans. The strong interdisciplinary and collaborative environment at Duke is ideal for our translational research efforts. Our research group presently includes 6 PhD students, 5 post-doctoral research associates, 2 full time staff engineers, 2 staff scientists, 2 full-time technicians, and 5 undergraduate research assistants. We also collaborate closely with physicians from neurosurgery and neurology on our DBS work, physicians from gynecology and urology on our bladder control work, and several other faculty from biomedical engineering and anesthesiology.